The difficult question is how to take the breaks off the energy transition. New electrical lines are supposed to transport the wind power from the coast of the North Sea to the south; however, the network expansion has been held up because laying the ground cables has taken longer than planned. Another challenge is gaining control over the weather-dependent, fluctuating green energy production. Solar arrays and wind farms already provide one-third of the electricity required in Germany – a proportion which is supposed to increase to 100 percent by 2050. According to experts, technical adaptations and new business models for marketing renewable energy are desperately needed. “We are relying on a type of generation that fluctuates, is decentralized and distributed and involves small producers This leads to new requirements on the infrastructure, the electrical grid, the control and the flexibility that used to be available in controllable power plants,” says Tobias Kurth from Energy Brainpool, energy marketing experts from Berlin.
The industry faces a mammoth task: It must develop solutions that retain stability in the electrical grid at a frequency of 50 Hz, even with increasing renewable energy production. Possibilities include batter storage units, as they can quickly accommodate excess current and discharge it again as needed. If they were installed, for example, at the base of large wind farms, then the stored energy could be used as balancing power to compensate for short-term fluctuations in the electrical grid. This would also avoid forced switch-off of wind turbines. The combination of batteries with photovoltaics is also logical. If solar batteries are coupled to charging stations, then EV charging stations can operate around the clock, providing solar energy to electric vehicles, or the batteries could also be used in the residential sector as storage systems. These could increase personal consumption and simultaneously cap the midday peaks from solar production that endanger the electrical grid.