Decentralized generation systems and customer substations that connect directly to a grid operator's medium-voltage network require telecontrol technology for two main reasons:
For Grid Operation:
Telecontrol technology is necessary for transmitting signals, data and messages such as position reports on medium-voltage switchgear, system warning and error messages, equipment for protecting the grid, system availability feedback, operational measurements at the grid connection point, and information on reactive power supply control.
For Feed-in Management (per §9 of the German Renewable Energies Act EEG):
Telecontrol connections are used for power plants and storage systems to transmit setpoint values for active power feed-in (including feedback) and the measurement data for actual power recording. Integrating grid operation and feed-in management requires a unified telecontrol device. Grid operators set specific telecontrol connection requirements for customer substations through grid guidelines, specifications and technical connection rules (TCRs).
For medium-voltage connections, the distribution grid operator provides a gateway that supplies the required signals via a communication interface. These gateways may vary; for example, Westnetz provides an IP-based interface (IEC 60870-15-104), while e.on offers a serial protocol (IEC 60870-5-101) for telecontrol connections to their medium-voltage grids. These interfaces represent the property boundary between the grid operator and customer. On the customer side, appropriate telecontrol technology is required to provide the necessary signals.